1. Quartz sand filter:

廣州湟潮水上樂園設(shè)備中過濾器的操作主要是依據(jù)壓力表的壓力上升來判斷，即所謂的壓差或水頭損失，在回圈過濾中會有污染粒子被慢慢的累積收集在過濾器的濾層中，由于水上樂園設(shè)備中濾層的增厚會阻礙水的流動，所以壓力會升高，此即過濾器壓力表安裝的功能，而差壓計則是利用不同的偵測壓力點作為電磁閥門的動作運(yùn)用，自動化的過濾器就是結(jié)合這兩個原理來執(zhí)行的.

The operation of the filter in the equipment of Guangzhou Huangchao water park is mainly judged by the pressure rise of the pressure gauge, that is, the so-called differential pressure or head loss. In the loop filtration, there will be polluting particles slowly accumulated and collected in the filter layer of the filter. Because the thickening of the filter layer in the equipment of water park will hinder the flow of water, the pressure will rise, which is the function of the installation of the filter pressure gauge, The differential pressure gauge uses different detection pressure points as the action of solenoid valve, and the automatic filter is implemented by combining these two principles

一般而言，在游泳池的過濾中是屬于批次的過濾型式，不僅有效率的限制，也有推動回圈的功能，所以水頭損失的控制大都維持在0.5kg/ cm2 （即0.5bar）也就是說，超過這個壓差范圍，過濾的水質(zhì)雖然比較好，但是過濾出水卻會減少，推力也不足，致使回圈效果不佳，容易有死角，再加上泳客的污染，池水水質(zhì)并不會改善，反而會愈來愈糟，而低于這個壓差范圍，雖然水的回圈次數(shù)增加，推力也夠，但是過濾水質(zhì)卻不是很理想.

Generally speaking, the filtration of the swimming pool is a batch filtration type, which not only has the limitation of efficiency, but also has the function of promoting the circulation. Therefore, the head loss is mostly controlled at 0.5kg/cm2 (i.e. 0.5bar). That is to say, beyond this differential pressure range, although the filtered water quality is relatively good, the filtered water will be reduced and the thrust is insufficient, resulting in poor circulation effect, easy to have dead corners, and the pollution of swimmers, The pool water quality will not improve, but will get worse and worse. Below this differential pressure range, although the number of water cycles increases and the thrust is enough, the filtered water quality is not very ideal

而且，反沖洗的次數(shù)太頻繁，造成水源浪費(fèi)，當(dāng)水頭損失達(dá)到這個范圍時就要進(jìn)行污染粒子的排除與濾層的清洗，這就是反沖洗，反沖洗時濾層被設(shè)計成會往上膨脹1.2至1.3倍的體積，在水流的帶動下濾層會上上下下的令濾材顆?；ハ嘧矒?，進(jìn)而刮除附在其表面的雜質(zhì)，由于材質(zhì)相同，所以硬度也相同，也因此，濾材有部分會破裂成較小的顆粒隨反沖洗水而流失，而有反沖洗時間不能太久與需要補(bǔ)充濾材的原因，而反沖洗后的濾層在翻攪的過程之后需要時間重新歸位元，所以要有停機(jī)時間.

Moreover, the frequency of backwashing is too frequent, resulting in waste of water source. When the head loss reaches this range, it is necessary to remove the contaminated particles and clean the filter layer, which is called backwashing. During backwashing, the filter layer is designed to expand up by 1.2 to 1.3 times. Under the driving of water flow, the filter layer will impact the filter particles up and down, and then scrape away the impurities attached to its surface. Due to the same material, the hardness is also the same, Therefore, some of the filter materials will break into smaller particles and lose with the backwashing water. The reason why the backwashing time can not be too long and the filter materials need to be supplemented is that the backwashed filter layer needs time to return to the original position after the stirring process, so there should be shutdown time

等待濾層重新定位后，剛才有破裂的小顆粒有部分較重，沒有隨反沖洗水流失而沉淀到底部，會穿越集水管而進(jìn)入游泳池內(nèi)，所以要作正洗的排水功能，另一方面，由于在過濾時有可能吸入空氣，聚集在過濾器中，而使得過濾器內(nèi)部壓力不穩(wěn)定，所以要作排氣功能，因此，石英砂過濾器有一系列的經(jīng)驗操作值，那就是當(dāng)水頭損失達(dá)0.5kg/cm2時采取反沖洗措施，同時作排氣動作，時間則以過濾機(jī)組大小不同有3 ~ 10分鐘的差別，依反沖洗水質(zhì)狀況而定，正洗時則有45秒~ 2分鐘的差別，依正洗水質(zhì)而定。

After the filter layer is repositioned, some of the broken small particles are heavy and do not precipitate to the bottom with the loss of backwashing water flow. They will pass through the water collecting pipe and enter the swimming pool, so it is necessary to perform the drainage function of forward washing. On the other hand, it is possible to inhale air and accumulate in the filter during filtration, resulting in unstable internal pressure of the filter, so it is necessary to perform the exhaust function. Therefore, The quartz sand filter has a series of empirical operating values, that is, when the head loss reaches 0.5kg/cm2, take backwashing measures and exhaust at the same time. The time varies from 3 to 10 minutes depending on the size of the filter unit, depending on the backwashing water quality, and 45 seconds to 2 minutes depending on the washing water quality.

一、配管閥之動作：

1、 Action of piping valve:

a、過濾(FILTER): 控制閥#1,#2開，#3,#4,#5關(guān)閉。在此位置，就會有一般的過濾和吸塵功能，水流由上往下，經(jīng)濾層后回到游泳池內(nèi)，完成扣留污染粒子功能。

a. Filter: control valves #1, #2 open, #3, #4, #5 close. At this position, there will be general filtering and dust collection functions. The water flows from top to bottom and returns to the swimming pool after passing through the filter layer to complete the function of detaining contaminated particles.

b、反洗(BACKWASH) : 控制閥#3,#4開，#1,#2,#5關(guān)閉。反沖洗過濾桶,當(dāng)過濾器的壓力指數(shù)升至0.5公斤時，關(guān)閉幫浦，轉(zhuǎn)動控制閥到反洗的位置，啟動幫浦使反沖洗直到水流是干凈的，根據(jù)不同的濾桶直徑，大概反洗六分半到十五分鐘即可，若未干凈可再加長反沖洗時間，水流由下往上流動，促使砂層浮動，攪動沖刷砂層，使污染粒子剝離，流出過濾器排放。

b. Backwash: control valves #3, #4 open, #1, #2, #5 close. Backwash the filter barrel. When the pressure index of the filter rises to 0.5kg, close the pump, turn the control valve to the backwashing position, and start the pump to backwash until the water flow is clean. According to the diameter of the filter barrel, backwash for about 6.5 to 15 minutes. If it is not dry, the backwashing time can be extended. The water flows from bottom to top, causing the sand layer to float, stirring and scouring the sand layer to peel off the contaminated particles, Drain out of the filter.

c、正洗(RINSE): 控制閥#1,#5開，#2,#3,#4關(guān)閉。反洗之后，關(guān)閉幫浦，將控制閥設(shè)在清洗，啟動幫浦運(yùn)作2分鐘到10分鐘，這是確定反洗之后，再清洗把所有臟水排出，為避免臟水回流到泳池中，關(guān)閉幫浦，設(shè)置控制閥在過濾，再開放幫浦讓過濾器正常運(yùn)作，水流由上往下經(jīng)砂濾層后排出過濾器。

c. Rinse: control valves #1, #5 open, #2, #3, #4 close. After backwashing, close the pump, set the control valve for cleaning, and start the pump to operate for 2 to 10 minutes. This is to confirm that after backwashing, clean and discharge all the dirty water. In order to prevent the dirty water from returning to the swimming pool, close the pump, set the control valve for filtration, and then open the pump to make the filter operate normally. The water flows from top to bottom through the sand filter layer and then discharge the filter.

d、關(guān)閉(CLOSE): 控制閥#1,#2,#3,#4,#5關(guān)閉。將水從幫浦流向過濾桶的路徑關(guān)閉，可作為管路試壓用。

d. Close: control valves #1, #2, #3, #4, #5 are closed. Close the path of water from the pump to the filter barrel, which can be used for pipeline pressure test.

二、多向閥(multiport) 之動作:

2、 Action of multiport valve:

過濾(FILTER): 設(shè)定控制閥在此位置，就會有一般的過濾和吸塵功能，水流由上往下，經(jīng)濾層后回到游泳池內(nèi)，完成扣留污染粒子功能。

Filter: when the control valve is set at this position, there will be general filtering and dust collection functions. The water flows from top to bottom and returns to the swimming pool after passing through the filter layer to complete the function of detaining contaminated particles.